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Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida, Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic, slightly less than three times the size of Rhode Island, tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October), tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation, mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast, mostly mountains with coastal plain in north; precipitous mountains to the sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas, cobalt, nickel, iron ore, chromium, copper, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land, some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil, the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common, soil degradation and desertification (brought on by poor farming techniques and natural disasters) are the main environmental problems; biodiversity loss; deforestation; air and water pollution, soil erosion; occasional droughts cause water shortages; industrial pollution, largest country in Caribbean and westernmost island of the Greater Antilles, important location along the Mona Passage - a key shipping lane to the Panama Canal; San Juan is one of the biggest and best natural harbors in the Caribbean; many small rivers and high central mountains ensure land is well watered; south coast relatively dry; fertile coastal plain belt in north, large population clusters found throughout the country, the more significant ones being in the larger towns and cities, particularly the capital of Havana, population clusters tend to be found along the coast, the largest of these is found in and around San Juan; an exception to this is a sizeable population located in the interior of the island immediately south of the capital around Caguas; most of the interior, particularly in the western half of the island, is dominated by the Cordillera Central mountains, where population density is low, 10.25 births/1,000 population (2021 est. A referendum held in late 2020 showed a narrow preference for American statehood. The Baconao National Park in Santiago de Cuba has more than 200 life-size prehistoric lizards, which makes it look like the scenery for the movie Jurassic Park. The downturn coincided with the phaseout of tax preferences that had led US firms to invest heavily in the Commonwealth since the 1950s, and a steep rise in the price of oil, which generates most of the island's electricity. Cuba vs. Dominican Republic - Country Comparison - IndexMundi
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